2014 Life Expectancy Data

Dataset statistics

Number of variables	23
Number of observations	131
Missing cells	0
Missing cells (%)	0.0%
Duplicate rows	0
Duplicate rows (%)	0.0%
Total size in memory	23.7 KiB
Average record size in memory	185.0 B

Variable types

Numeric	20
Categorical	3

Alerts

`Year` has constant value "2014"	Constant
`Country` has a high cardinality: 131 distinct values	High cardinality
`Life expectancy` is highly correlated with `Status` and 12 other fields	High correlation
`Adult Mortality` is highly correlated with `Status` and 6 other fields	High correlation
`infant deaths` is highly correlated with `Life expectancy` and 5 other fields	High correlation
`Alcohol` is highly correlated with `Status` and 6 other fields	High correlation
`percentage expenditure` is highly correlated with `Alcohol` and 3 other fields	High correlation
`Hepatitis B` is highly correlated with `Life expectancy` and 2 other fields	High correlation
`Measles` is highly correlated with `infant deaths` and 5 other fields	High correlation
`BMI` is highly correlated with `Status` and 5 other fields	High correlation
`under-five deaths` is highly correlated with `Life expectancy` and 5 other fields	High correlation
`Polio` is highly correlated with `Life expectancy` and 3 other fields	High correlation
`Diphtheria` is highly correlated with `Life expectancy` and 2 other fields	High correlation
`HIV/AIDS` is highly correlated with `Life expectancy` and 2 other fields	High correlation
`GDP` is highly correlated with `Alcohol` and 4 other fields	High correlation
`thinness 1-19 years` is highly correlated with `infant deaths` and 6 other fields	High correlation
`thinness 5-9 years` is highly correlated with `Life expectancy` and 7 other fields	High correlation
`Income composition of resources` is highly correlated with `Status` and 8 other fields	High correlation
`Schooling` is highly correlated with `Status` and 8 other fields	High correlation
`Population` is highly correlated with `infant deaths` and 4 other fields	High correlation
`Status` is highly correlated with `Life expectancy` and 5 other fields	High correlation
`Year` is highly correlated with `Status`	High correlation
`Total expenditure` is highly correlated with `Life expectancy` and 4 other fields	High correlation
`Country` is uniformly distributed	Uniform
`df_index` has unique values	Unique
`Country` has unique values	Unique
`percentage expenditure` has unique values	Unique
`GDP` has unique values	Unique
`Population` has unique values	Unique
`infant deaths` has 34 (26.0%) zeros	Zeros
`Measles` has 53 (40.5%) zeros	Zeros
`under-five deaths` has 30 (22.9%) zeros	Zeros

Reproduction

Analysis started	2022-10-15 21:14:13.371024
Analysis finished	2022-10-15 21:14:56.407747
Duration	43.04 seconds
Software version	pandas-profiling v3.3.0
Download configuration	config.json

df_index
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

UNIQUE

Distinct	131
Distinct (%)	100.0%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	1408.580153

Minimum	1
Maximum	2923
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	1.1 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	1
5-th percentile	121
Q1	658
median	1443
Q3	2048
95-th percentile	2706.5
Maximum	2923
Range	2922
Interquartile range (IQR)	1390

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	835.5568751
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.5931908621
Kurtosis	-1.130869609
Mean	1408.580153
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	689
Skewness	0.04158390511
Sum	184524
Variance	698155.2916
Monotonicity	Strictly increasing

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1	1	0.8%
2056	1	0.8%
2024	1	0.8%
2008	1	0.8%
1992	1	0.8%
1976	1	0.8%
1960	1	0.8%
1943	1	0.8%
1894	1	0.8%
1878	1	0.8%
Other values (121)	121	92.4%

Minimum 10 values
Maximum 10 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1	1	0.8%
17	1	0.8%
33	1	0.8%
49	1	0.8%
81	1	0.8%
97	1	0.8%
113	1	0.8%
129	1	0.8%
145	1	0.8%
193	1	0.8%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
2923	1	0.8%
2907	1	0.8%
2843	1	0.8%
2827	1	0.8%
2811	1	0.8%
2731	1	0.8%
2715	1	0.8%
2698	1	0.8%
2682	1	0.8%
2666	1	0.8%

Country
Categorical

HIGH CARDINALITY
UNIFORM
UNIQUE

Distinct	131
Distinct (%)	100.0%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Memory size	1.1 KiB

Afghanistan	1
Portugal	1
Philippines	1
Peru	1
Paraguay	1
Other values (126)	126

Length

Max length	24
Median length	21
Mean length	8.198473282
Min length	4

Characters and Unicode

Total characters	1074
Distinct characters	49
Distinct categories	4 ?
Distinct scripts	2 ?
Distinct blocks	1 ?

The Unicode Standard assigns character properties to each code point, which can be used to analyse textual variables.

Unique

Unique	131 ?
Unique (%)	100.0%

Sample

1st row	Afghanistan
2nd row	Albania
3rd row	Algeria
4th row	Angola
5th row	Argentina

Common Values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
Afghanistan	1	0.8%
Portugal	1	0.8%
Philippines	1	0.8%
Peru	1	0.8%
Paraguay	1	0.8%
Papua New Guinea	1	0.8%
Panama	1	0.8%
Pakistan	1	0.8%
Nigeria	1	0.8%
Niger	1	0.8%
Other values (121)	121	92.4%

Length

Histogram of lengths of the category

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
and	3	2.0%
guinea	3	2.0%
republic	2	1.3%
afghanistan	1	0.7%
brazil	1	0.7%
botswana	1	0.7%
bosnia	1	0.7%
herzegovina	1	0.7%
bhutan	1	0.7%
benin	1	0.7%
Other values (138)	138	90.2%

Most occurring characters

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
a	172	16.0%
i	101	9.4%
n	83	7.7%
e	74	6.9%
r	61	5.7%
o	59	5.5%
u	45	4.2%
l	40	3.7%
s	36	3.4%
t	35	3.3%
Other values (39)	368	34.3%

Most occurring categories

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
Lowercase Letter	898	83.6%
Uppercase Letter	152	14.2%
Space Separator	22	2.0%
Dash Punctuation	2	0.2%

Most frequent character per category

Lowercase Letter

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
a	172	19.2%
i	101	11.2%
n	83	9.2%
e	74	8.2%
r	61	6.8%
o	59	6.6%
u	45	5.0%
l	40	4.5%
s	36	4.0%
t	35	3.9%
Other values (16)	192	21.4%

Uppercase Letter

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
S	14	9.2%
M	14	9.2%
B	13	8.6%
C	13	8.6%
T	11	7.2%
A	11	7.2%
G	11	7.2%
P	9	5.9%
L	9	5.9%
N	7	4.6%
Other values (11)	40	26.3%

Space Separator

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
	22	100.0%

Dash Punctuation

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
-	2	100.0%

Most occurring scripts

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
Latin	1050	97.8%
Common	24	2.2%

Most frequent character per script

Latin

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
a	172	16.4%
i	101	9.6%
n	83	7.9%
e	74	7.0%
r	61	5.8%
o	59	5.6%
u	45	4.3%
l	40	3.8%
s	36	3.4%
t	35	3.3%
Other values (37)	344	32.8%

Common

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
	22	91.7%
-	2	8.3%

Most occurring blocks

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
ASCII	1074	100.0%

Most frequent character per block

ASCII

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
a	172	16.0%
i	101	9.4%
n	83	7.7%
e	74	6.9%
r	61	5.7%
o	59	5.5%
u	45	4.2%
l	40	3.7%
s	36	3.4%
t	35	3.3%
Other values (39)	368	34.3%

Year
Categorical

CONSTANT
HIGH CORRELATION
REJECTED

Distinct	1
Distinct (%)	0.8%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Memory size	1.1 KiB

2014	131

Length

Max length	4
Median length	4
Mean length	4
Min length	4

Characters and Unicode

Total characters	524
Distinct characters	4
Distinct categories	1 ?
Distinct scripts	1 ?
Distinct blocks	1 ?

The Unicode Standard assigns character properties to each code point, which can be used to analyse textual variables.

Unique

Unique	0 ?
Unique (%)	0.0%

Sample

1st row	2014
2nd row	2014
3rd row	2014
4th row	2014
5th row	2014

Common Values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
2014	131	100.0%

Length

Histogram of lengths of the category

Category Frequency Plot

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
2014	131	100.0%

Most occurring characters

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
2	131	25.0%
0	131	25.0%
1	131	25.0%
4	131	25.0%

Most occurring categories

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
Decimal Number	524	100.0%

Most frequent character per category

Decimal Number

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
2	131	25.0%
0	131	25.0%
1	131	25.0%
4	131	25.0%

Most occurring scripts

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
Common	524	100.0%

Most frequent character per script

Common

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
2	131	25.0%
0	131	25.0%
1	131	25.0%
4	131	25.0%

Most occurring blocks

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
ASCII	524	100.0%

Most frequent character per block

ASCII

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
2	131	25.0%
0	131	25.0%
1	131	25.0%
4	131	25.0%

Status
Categorical

HIGH CORRELATION

Distinct	2
Distinct (%)	1.5%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Memory size	1.1 KiB

Developing	112
Developed	19

Length

Max length	10
Median length	10
Mean length	9.854961832
Min length	9

Characters and Unicode

Total characters	1291
Distinct characters	10
Distinct categories	2 ?
Distinct scripts	1 ?
Distinct blocks	1 ?

The Unicode Standard assigns character properties to each code point, which can be used to analyse textual variables.

Unique

Unique	0 ?
Unique (%)	0.0%

Sample

1st row	Developing
2nd row	Developing
3rd row	Developing
4th row	Developing
5th row	Developing

Common Values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
Developing	112	85.5%
Developed	19	14.5%

Length

Histogram of lengths of the category

Category Frequency Plot

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
developing	112	85.5%
developed	19	14.5%

Most occurring characters

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
e	281	21.8%
D	131	10.1%
v	131	10.1%
l	131	10.1%
o	131	10.1%
p	131	10.1%
i	112	8.7%
n	112	8.7%
g	112	8.7%
d	19	1.5%

Most occurring categories

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
Lowercase Letter	1160	89.9%
Uppercase Letter	131	10.1%

Most frequent character per category

Lowercase Letter

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
e	281	24.2%
v	131	11.3%
l	131	11.3%
o	131	11.3%
p	131	11.3%
i	112	9.7%
n	112	9.7%
g	112	9.7%
d	19	1.6%

Uppercase Letter

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
D	131	100.0%

Most occurring scripts

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
Latin	1291	100.0%

Most frequent character per script

Latin

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
e	281	21.8%
D	131	10.1%
v	131	10.1%
l	131	10.1%
o	131	10.1%
p	131	10.1%
i	112	8.7%
n	112	8.7%
g	112	8.7%
d	19	1.5%

Most occurring blocks

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
ASCII	1291	100.0%

Most frequent character per block

ASCII

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
e	281	21.8%
D	131	10.1%
v	131	10.1%
l	131	10.1%
o	131	10.1%
p	131	10.1%
i	112	8.7%
n	112	8.7%
g	112	8.7%
d	19	1.5%

Life expectancy
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

HIGH CORRELATION

Distinct	99
Distinct (%)	75.6%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	70.51984733

Minimum	48.1
Maximum	89
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	1.1 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	48.1
5-th percentile	57.15
Q1	64.65
median	72
Q3	75.8
95-th percentile	82.65
Maximum	89
Range	40.9
Interquartile range (IQR)	11.15

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	8.605225781
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.1220255872
Kurtosis	-0.3709548091
Mean	70.51984733
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	5.6
Skewness	-0.2243459847
Sum	9238.1
Variance	74.04991075
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
74.8	4	3.1%
73	3	2.3%
74.6	3	2.3%
74.5	3	2.3%
89	3	2.3%
71.7	2	1.5%
66	2	1.5%
58.4	2	1.5%
56.7	2	1.5%
58.1	2	1.5%
Other values (89)	105	80.2%

Minimum 10 values
Maximum 10 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
48.1	1	0.8%
51.7	1	0.8%
52.1	1	0.8%
52.6	1	0.8%
53.6	1	0.8%
56.7	2	1.5%
57.6	1	0.8%
57.8	1	0.8%
57.9	1	0.8%
58	1	0.8%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
89	3	2.3%
88	1	0.8%
83	2	1.5%
82.7	1	0.8%
82.6	1	0.8%
82.5	1	0.8%
82.3	1	0.8%
82.2	2	1.5%
82	1	0.8%
81.7	2	1.5%

Adult Mortality
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

HIGH CORRELATION

Distinct	103
Distinct (%)	78.6%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	160.3740458

Minimum	2
Maximum	522
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	1.1 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	2
5-th percentile	12
Q1	74.5
median	144
Q3	225
95-th percentile	368.5
Maximum	522
Range	520
Interquartile range (IQR)	150.5

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	110.1423789
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.6867843132
Kurtosis	0.3029280557
Mean	160.3740458
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	78
Skewness	0.7557706801
Sum	21009
Variance	12131.34363
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
17	3	2.3%
23	3	2.3%
225	3	2.3%
12	3	2.3%
117	2	1.5%
179	2	1.5%
217	2	1.5%
65	2	1.5%
362	2	1.5%
58	2	1.5%
Other values (93)	107	81.7%

Minimum 10 values
Maximum 10 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
2	1	0.8%
6	2	1.5%
8	1	0.8%
11	1	0.8%
12	3	2.3%
17	3	2.3%
19	1	0.8%
21	1	0.8%
22	1	0.8%
23	3	2.3%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
522	1	0.8%
463	1	0.8%
437	1	0.8%
382	1	0.8%
377	1	0.8%
375	1	0.8%
371	1	0.8%
366	1	0.8%
362	2	1.5%
348	1	0.8%

infant deaths
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

HIGH CORRELATION
ZEROS

Distinct	49
Distinct (%)	37.4%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	28.5648855

Minimum	0
Maximum	957
Zeros	34
Zeros (%)	26.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	1.1 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0
5-th percentile	0
Q1	0
median	3
Q3	20
95-th percentile	83
Maximum	957
Range	957
Interquartile range (IQR)	20

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	100.0954236
Coefficient of variation (CV)	3.504142303
Kurtosis	61.20962848
Mean	28.5648855
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	3
Skewness	7.310780584
Sum	3742
Variance	10019.09383
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=49)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	34	26.0%
1	15	11.5%
2	13	9.9%
3	6	4.6%
4	5	3.8%
8	5	3.8%
10	3	2.3%
11	2	1.5%
18	2	1.5%
27	2	1.5%
Other values (39)	44	33.6%

Minimum 10 values
Maximum 10 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	34	26.0%
1	15	11.5%
2	13	9.9%
3	6	4.6%
4	5	3.8%
5	2	1.5%
6	2	1.5%
7	1	0.8%
8	5	3.8%
10	3	2.3%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
957	1	0.8%
490	1	0.8%
359	1	0.8%
171	1	0.8%
140	1	0.8%
119	1	0.8%
98	1	0.8%
68	1	0.8%
67	1	0.8%
64	1	0.8%

Alcohol
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

HIGH CORRELATION

Distinct	65
Distinct (%)	49.6%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	3.060916031

Minimum	0.01
Maximum	15.19
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	1.1 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0.01
5-th percentile	0.01
Q1	0.01
median	0.01
Q3	6.305
95-th percentile	11.31
Maximum	15.19
Range	15.18
Interquartile range (IQR)	6.295

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	4.090299115
Coefficient of variation (CV)	1.336299027
Kurtosis	-0.01274928092
Mean	3.060916031
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	0
Skewness	1.090225337
Sum	400.98
Variance	16.73054685
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.01	67	51.1%
2.62	1	0.8%
3.83	1	0.8%
0.41	1	0.8%
6.29	1	0.8%
1.32	1	0.8%
15.19	1	0.8%
11.12	1	0.8%
0.52	1	0.8%
8.49	1	0.8%
Other values (55)	55	42.0%

Minimum 10 values
Maximum 10 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.01	67	51.1%
0.09	1	0.8%
0.26	1	0.8%
0.38	1	0.8%
0.41	1	0.8%
0.43	1	0.8%
0.52	1	0.8%
1.32	1	0.8%
1.39	1	0.8%
1.45	1	0.8%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
15.19	1	0.8%
13.94	1	0.8%
12.6	1	0.8%
12.32	1	0.8%
12.14	1	0.8%
12.03	1	0.8%
11.5	1	0.8%
11.12	1	0.8%
11.03	1	0.8%
10.75	1	0.8%

percentage expenditure
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

HIGH CORRELATION
UNIQUE

Distinct	131
Distinct (%)	100.0%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	850.8741145

Minimum	0.442802404
Maximum	16255.16198
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	1.1 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0.442802404
5-th percentile	4.990299788
Q1	48.31142608
median	198.7343495
Q3	718.3236185
95-th percentile	3524.20418
Maximum	16255.16198
Range	16254.71918
Interquartile range (IQR)	670.0121925

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	2071.444348
Coefficient of variation (CV)	2.434489795
Kurtosis	28.60519673
Mean	850.8741145
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	190.1171411
Skewness	4.919263564
Sum	111464.509
Variance	4290881.687
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
73.52358168	1	0.8%
271.2545531	1	0.8%
31.27232188	1	0.8%
973.728675	1	0.8%
561.7684701	1	0.8%
208.2311603	1	0.8%
1842.463782	1	0.8%
62.29361092	1	0.8%
263.2111031	1	0.8%
3.304039899	1	0.8%
Other values (121)	121	92.4%

Minimum 10 values
Maximum 10 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.442802404	1	0.8%
1.443286353	1	0.8%
1.576409172	1	0.8%
3.304039899	1	0.8%
3.718438799	1	0.8%
4.141293345	1	0.8%
4.877350139	1	0.8%
5.103249438	1	0.8%
5.339065673	1	0.8%
5.663849328	1	0.8%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
16255.16198	1	0.8%
10769.36305	1	0.8%
8350.193523	1	0.8%
7163.348923	1	0.8%
6739.677606	1	0.8%
4831.644796	1	0.8%
4348.33531	1	0.8%
2700.07305	1	0.8%
2352.999591	1	0.8%
2211.744178	1	0.8%

Hepatitis B
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

HIGH CORRELATION

Distinct	40
Distinct (%)	30.5%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	81.70992366

Minimum	2
Maximum	99
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	1.1 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	2
5-th percentile	9
Q1	78
median	91
Q3	96
95-th percentile	99
Maximum	99
Range	97
Interquartile range (IQR)	18

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	23.76406095
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.290834453
Kurtosis	3.923599159
Mean	81.70992366
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	6
Skewness	-2.129444744
Sum	10704
Variance	564.7305931
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=40)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
95	12	9.2%
98	11	8.4%
99	10	7.6%
97	9	6.9%
92	7	5.3%
96	7	5.3%
88	7	5.3%
91	6	4.6%
94	5	3.8%
87	5	3.8%
Other values (30)	52	39.7%

Minimum 10 values
Maximum 10 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
2	1	0.8%
5	1	0.8%
7	1	0.8%
8	3	2.3%
9	2	1.5%
22	1	0.8%
37	1	0.8%
47	1	0.8%
48	1	0.8%
49	1	0.8%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
99	10	7.6%
98	11	8.4%
97	9	6.9%
96	7	5.3%
95	12	9.2%
94	5	3.8%
93	4	3.1%
92	7	5.3%
91	6	4.6%
89	3	2.3%

Measles
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

HIGH CORRELATION
ZEROS

Distinct	67
Distinct (%)	51.1%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	2042.862595

Minimum	0
Maximum	79563
Zeros	53
Zeros (%)	40.5%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	1.1 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0
5-th percentile	0
Q1	0
median	10
Q3	289.5
95-th percentile	5783
Maximum	79563
Range	79563
Interquartile range (IQR)	289.5

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	9842.341166
Coefficient of variation (CV)	4.817916383
Kurtosis	42.52187457
Mean	2042.862595
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	10
Skewness	6.400971771
Sum	267615
Variance	96871679.63
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	53	40.5%
1	5	3.8%
10	4	3.1%
3	3	2.3%
9	2	1.5%
13	2	1.5%
33	2	1.5%
1279	1	0.8%
1370	1	0.8%
6855	1	0.8%
Other values (57)	57	43.5%

Minimum 10 values
Maximum 10 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	53	40.5%
1	5	3.8%
3	3	2.3%
6	1	0.8%
8	1	0.8%
9	2	1.5%
10	4	3.1%
11	1	0.8%
13	2	1.5%
14	1	0.8%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
79563	1	0.8%
58848	1	0.8%
52628	1	0.8%
12943	1	0.8%
12739	1	0.8%
11699	1	0.8%
6855	1	0.8%
4711	1	0.8%
3188	1	0.8%
3000	1	0.8%

BMI
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

HIGH CORRELATION

Distinct	107
Distinct (%)	81.7%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	40.47557252

Minimum	2
Maximum	77.1
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	1.1 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	2
5-th percentile	5.25
Q1	22.85
median	45.9
Q3	59.45
95-th percentile	66
Maximum	77.1
Range	75.1
Interquartile range (IQR)	36.6

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	20.73366676
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.5122513523
Kurtosis	-1.294144458
Mean	40.47557252
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	17.5
Skewness	-0.2258707733
Sum	5302.3
Variance	429.8849372
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
55.3	3	2.3%
61.9	3	2.3%
22.7	3	2.3%
63.1	3	2.3%
59.9	2	1.5%
53.5	2	1.5%
24.7	2	1.5%
6.9	2	1.5%
23.7	2	1.5%
66	2	1.5%
Other values (97)	107	81.7%

Minimum 10 values
Maximum 10 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
2	1	0.8%
2.8	1	0.8%
3.1	2	1.5%
3.5	1	0.8%
5.1	1	0.8%
5.2	1	0.8%
5.3	1	0.8%
6.2	1	0.8%
6.7	2	1.5%
6.9	2	1.5%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
77.1	1	0.8%
74.8	1	0.8%
74.3	1	0.8%
69.2	1	0.8%
66.4	1	0.8%
66.1	1	0.8%
66	2	1.5%
65.4	1	0.8%
65.3	1	0.8%
65.1	1	0.8%

under-five deaths
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

HIGH CORRELATION
ZEROS

Distinct	50
Distinct (%)	38.2%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	38.23664122

Minimum	0
Maximum	1200
Zeros	30
Zeros (%)	22.9%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	1.1 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0
5-th percentile	0
Q1	1
median	3
Q3	25.5
95-th percentile	111
Maximum	1200
Range	1200
Interquartile range (IQR)	24.5

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	131.2930856
Coefficient of variation (CV)	3.433698187
Kurtosis	54.39985856
Mean	38.23664122
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	3
Skewness	6.95629245
Sum	5009
Variance	17237.87434
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	30	22.9%
1	18	13.7%
2	9	6.9%
3	9	6.9%
4	4	3.1%
6	3	2.3%
39	3	2.3%
12	3	2.3%
32	2	1.5%
13	2	1.5%
Other values (40)	48	36.6%

Minimum 10 values
Maximum 10 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	30	22.9%
1	18	13.7%
2	9	6.9%
3	9	6.9%
4	4	3.1%
5	2	1.5%
6	3	2.3%
7	2	1.5%
8	1	0.8%
9	1	0.8%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1200	1	0.8%
759	1	0.8%
442	1	0.8%
202	1	0.8%
198	1	0.8%
142	1	0.8%
121	1	0.8%
101	1	0.8%
97	1	0.8%
88	1	0.8%

Polio
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

HIGH CORRELATION

Distinct	38
Distinct (%)	29.0%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	83.49618321

Minimum	8
Maximum	99
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	1.1 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	8
5-th percentile	43
Q1	78
median	92
Q3	97
95-th percentile	99
Maximum	99
Range	91
Interquartile range (IQR)	19

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	20.96641052
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.2511062148
Kurtosis	4.703556424
Mean	83.49618321
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	6
Skewness	-2.181121297
Sum	10938
Variance	439.5903699
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=38)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
99	15	11.5%
95	12	9.2%
98	12	9.2%
97	8	6.1%
93	7	5.3%
94	6	4.6%
92	5	3.8%
96	5	3.8%
91	5	3.8%
87	5	3.8%
Other values (28)	51	38.9%

Minimum 10 values
Maximum 10 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
8	2	1.5%
9	3	2.3%
24	1	0.8%
42	1	0.8%
44	1	0.8%
45	1	0.8%
47	1	0.8%
49	2	1.5%
55	1	0.8%
58	2	1.5%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
99	15	11.5%
98	12	9.2%
97	8	6.1%
96	5	3.8%
95	12	9.2%
94	6	4.6%
93	7	5.3%
92	5	3.8%
91	5	3.8%
88	3	2.3%

Total expenditure
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

HIGH CORRELATION

Distinct	124
Distinct (%)	94.7%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	6.106717557

Minimum	1.21
Maximum	13.73
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	1.1 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	1.21
5-th percentile	1.605
Q1	4.485
median	5.82
Q3	7.63
95-th percentile	10.51
Maximum	13.73
Range	12.52
Interquartile range (IQR)	3.145

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	2.533227325
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.4148263452
Kurtosis	0.04509294338
Mean	6.106717557
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	1.62
Skewness	0.3171580668
Sum	799.98
Variance	6.417240681
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
7.22	2	1.5%
5.88	2	1.5%
5.41	2	1.5%
5.25	2	1.5%
9.25	2	1.5%
8.8	2	1.5%
5.69	2	1.5%
8.18	1	0.8%
5.91	1	0.8%
6.98	1	0.8%
Other values (114)	114	87.0%

Minimum 10 values
Maximum 10 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1.21	1	0.8%
1.37	1	0.8%
1.4	1	0.8%
1.45	1	0.8%
1.48	1	0.8%
1.57	1	0.8%
1.59	1	0.8%
1.62	1	0.8%
1.9	1	0.8%
2.28	1	0.8%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
13.73	1	0.8%
11.93	1	0.8%
11.9	1	0.8%
11.54	1	0.8%
11.38	1	0.8%
11.3	1	0.8%
11.21	1	0.8%
9.81	1	0.8%
9.75	1	0.8%
9.57	1	0.8%

Diphtheria
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

HIGH CORRELATION

Distinct	39
Distinct (%)	29.8%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	83.88549618

Minimum	2
Maximum	99
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	1.1 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	2
5-th percentile	30
Q1	80
median	92
Q3	97
95-th percentile	99
Maximum	99
Range	97
Interquartile range (IQR)	17

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	21.83985109
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.2603531252
Kurtosis	5.57738669
Mean	83.88549618
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	6
Skewness	-2.403467177
Sum	10989
Variance	476.9790957
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=39)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
99	15	11.5%
98	14	10.7%
95	13	9.9%
91	8	6.1%
97	8	6.1%
88	6	4.6%
87	6	4.6%
93	6	4.6%
92	6	4.6%
73	4	3.1%
Other values (29)	45	34.4%

Minimum 10 values
Maximum 10 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
2	1	0.8%
5	1	0.8%
7	1	0.8%
8	2	1.5%
9	1	0.8%
23	1	0.8%
37	1	0.8%
47	1	0.8%
48	1	0.8%
49	1	0.8%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
99	15	11.5%
98	14	10.7%
97	8	6.1%
96	3	2.3%
95	13	9.9%
94	4	3.1%
93	6	4.6%
92	6	4.6%
91	8	6.1%
89	1	0.8%

HIV/AIDS
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

HIGH CORRELATION

Distinct	30
Distinct (%)	22.9%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	0.8099236641

Minimum	0.1
Maximum	9.4
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	1.1 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0.1
5-th percentile	0.1
Q1	0.1
median	0.1
Q3	0.5
95-th percentile	4.2
Maximum	9.4
Range	9.3
Interquartile range (IQR)	0.4

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	1.562042793
Coefficient of variation (CV)	1.92862965
Kurtosis	9.757039882
Mean	0.8099236641
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	0
Skewness	2.954731088
Sum	106.1
Variance	2.439977686
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=30)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.1	74	56.5%
0.2	9	6.9%
0.3	8	6.1%
0.5	5	3.8%
0.4	3	2.3%
0.6	3	2.3%
3.7	2	1.5%
0.8	2	1.5%
2.9	2	1.5%
0.7	2	1.5%
Other values (20)	21	16.0%

Minimum 10 values
Maximum 10 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.1	74	56.5%
0.2	9	6.9%
0.3	8	6.1%
0.4	3	2.3%
0.5	5	3.8%
0.6	3	2.3%
0.7	2	1.5%
0.8	2	1.5%
0.9	2	1.5%
1	1	0.8%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
9.4	1	0.8%
7.3	1	0.8%
6.3	1	0.8%
5.1	1	0.8%
4.5	1	0.8%
4.4	1	0.8%
4.3	1	0.8%
4.1	1	0.8%
3.9	1	0.8%
3.7	2	1.5%

GDP
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

HIGH CORRELATION
UNIQUE

Distinct	131
Distinct (%)	100.0%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	7256.846908

Minimum	12.27733
Maximum	119172.7418
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	1.1 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	12.27733
5-th percentile	68.65981615
Q1	554.9245435
median	2522.7968
Q3	7438.053832
95-th percentile	36489.75571
Maximum	119172.7418
Range	119160.4645
Interquartile range (IQR)	6883.129289

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	14741.39573
Coefficient of variation (CV)	2.031377528
Kurtosis	27.59973911
Mean	7256.846908
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	2269.85608
Skewness	4.622799206
Sum	950646.9449
Variance	217308748.2
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
612.696514	1	0.8%
2277.53613	1	0.8%
2842.938353	1	0.8%
6491.5245	1	0.8%
4712.822736	1	0.8%
2182.716565	1	0.8%
12593.7374	1	0.8%
1316.98966	1	0.8%
3221.678128	1	0.8%
43.646498	1	0.8%
Other values (121)	121	92.4%

Minimum 10 values
Maximum 10 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
12.27733	1	0.8%
25.448414	1	0.8%
29.652622	1	0.8%
43.646498	1	0.8%
43.82321	1	0.8%
62.1318489	1	0.8%
62.173221	1	0.8%
75.1464113	1	0.8%
76.2386977	1	0.8%
76.5699517	1	0.8%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
119172.7418	1	0.8%
62214.6912	1	0.8%
52157.4687	1	0.8%
51322.63997	1	0.8%
47439.39684	1	0.8%
42955.24287	1	0.8%
37582.84624	1	0.8%
35396.66517	1	0.8%
21673.7817	1	0.8%
19941.45532	1	0.8%

Population
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

HIGH CORRELATION
UNIQUE

Distinct	131
Distinct (%)	100.0%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	22269096.43

Minimum	41
Maximum	1293859294
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	1.1 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	41
5-th percentile	17505.5
Q1	287600.5
median	1562974
Q3	8059265
95-th percentile	60239345.87
Maximum	1293859294
Range	1293859253
Interquartile range (IQR)	7771664.5

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	116699866.4
Coefficient of variation (CV)	5.240440121
Kurtosis	110.6561006
Mean	22269096.43
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	1474038
Skewness	10.19705964
Sum	2917251633
Variance	1.361885882 × 10¹⁶
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
327582	1	0.8%
14162	1	0.8%
112249	1	0.8%
3973354	1	0.8%
6552584	1	0.8%
7755785	1	0.8%
393986	1	0.8%
185546257	1	0.8%
1764652	1	0.8%
19148219	1	0.8%
Other values (121)	121	92.4%

Minimum 10 values
Maximum 10 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
41	1	0.8%
2771	1	0.8%
3568	1	0.8%
3727	1	0.8%
11458	1	0.8%
14162	1	0.8%
15782	1	0.8%
19229	1	0.8%
25885	1	0.8%
29622	1	0.8%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1293859294	1	0.8%
255131116	1	0.8%
185546257	1	0.8%
143819666	1	0.8%
97366774	1	0.8%
68416772	1	0.8%
66331957	1	0.8%
54146734.74	1	0.8%
51924182	1	0.8%
47791911	1	0.8%

thinness 1-19 years
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

HIGH CORRELATION

Distinct	77
Distinct (%)	58.8%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	4.648091603

Minimum	0.1
Maximum	26.8
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	1.1 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0.1
5-th percentile	0.6
Q1	1.5
median	3.3
Q3	6.65
95-th percentile	14.4
Maximum	26.8
Range	26.7
Interquartile range (IQR)	5.15

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	4.420587346
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.9510542656
Kurtosis	5.674876594
Mean	4.648091603
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	2.3
Skewness	2.036580536
Sum	608.9
Variance	19.54159248
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1.9	7	5.3%
1	5	3.8%
1.5	5	3.8%
1.1	4	3.1%
1.2	4	3.1%
2.1	4	3.1%
0.6	4	3.1%
1.8	4	3.1%
5.8	3	2.3%
0.8	3	2.3%
Other values (67)	88	67.2%

Minimum 10 values
Maximum 10 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.1	2	1.5%
0.2	1	0.8%
0.3	1	0.8%
0.5	1	0.8%
0.6	4	3.1%
0.7	1	0.8%
0.8	3	2.3%
0.9	1	0.8%
1	5	3.8%
1.1	4	3.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
26.8	1	0.8%
19.4	1	0.8%
18.1	1	0.8%
17.5	1	0.8%
15.9	1	0.8%
15.7	1	0.8%
15.2	1	0.8%
13.6	1	0.8%
12.9	1	0.8%
9.8	1	0.8%

thinness 5-9 years
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

HIGH CORRELATION

Distinct	75
Distinct (%)	57.3%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	4.886259542

Minimum	0.1
Maximum	27.4
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	1.1 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0.1
5-th percentile	0.55
Q1	1.55
median	3.5
Q3	6.8
95-th percentile	14.35
Maximum	27.4
Range	27.3
Interquartile range (IQR)	5.25

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	4.543478223
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.92984791
Kurtosis	5.217264438
Mean	4.886259542
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	2.4
Skewness	1.92762743
Sum	640.1
Variance	20.64319436
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1.9	5	3.8%
1.1	4	3.1%
7.7	4	3.1%
2.1	4	3.1%
1.3	4	3.1%
1.2	3	2.3%
7.4	3	2.3%
0.5	3	2.3%
6	3	2.3%
6.4	3	2.3%
Other values (65)	95	72.5%

Minimum 10 values
Maximum 10 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.1	3	2.3%
0.2	1	0.8%
0.5	3	2.3%
0.6	3	2.3%
0.7	1	0.8%
0.8	2	1.5%
0.9	3	2.3%
1	2	1.5%
1.1	4	3.1%
1.2	3	2.3%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
27.4	1	0.8%
19.8	1	0.8%
18.6	1	0.8%
17.5	1	0.8%
16.3	1	0.8%
16.2	1	0.8%
15	1	0.8%
13.7	1	0.8%
13.1	1	0.8%
11.1	1	0.8%

Income composition of resources
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

HIGH CORRELATION

Distinct	111
Distinct (%)	84.7%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	0.6696870229

Minimum	0.345
Maximum	0.936
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	1.1 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0.345
5-th percentile	0.4155
Q1	0.544
median	0.697
Q3	0.779
95-th percentile	0.8935
Maximum	0.936
Range	0.591
Interquartile range (IQR)	0.235

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	0.1513143485
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.2259478582
Kurtosis	-0.9419839777
Mean	0.6696870229
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	0.115
Skewness	-0.2417573244
Sum	87.729
Variance	0.02289603206
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.737	3	2.3%
0.636	2	1.5%
0.475	2	1.5%
0.85	2	1.5%
0.727	2	1.5%
0.759	2	1.5%
0.841	2	1.5%
0.345	2	1.5%
0.483	2	1.5%
0.803	2	1.5%
Other values (101)	110	84.0%

Minimum 10 values
Maximum 10 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.345	2	1.5%
0.39	1	0.8%
0.398	1	0.8%
0.404	1	0.8%
0.409	1	0.8%
0.412	1	0.8%
0.419	1	0.8%
0.426	2	1.5%
0.43	1	0.8%
0.435	1	0.8%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.936	1	0.8%
0.923	1	0.8%
0.92	1	0.8%
0.912	1	0.8%
0.91	1	0.8%
0.906	1	0.8%
0.895	1	0.8%
0.892	2	1.5%
0.89	2	1.5%
0.877	2	1.5%

Schooling
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

HIGH CORRELATION

Distinct	75
Distinct (%)	57.3%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	12.67633588

Minimum	5.3
Maximum	20.4
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	1.1 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	5.3
5-th percentile	8.3
Q1	10.75
median	12.7
Q3	14.7
95-th percentile	16.9
Maximum	20.4
Range	15.1
Interquartile range (IQR)	3.95

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	2.750379892
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.2169696289
Kurtosis	-0.1384092071
Mean	12.67633588
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	2
Skewness	-0.03599040835
Sum	1660.6
Variance	7.564589548
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
10	5	3.8%
12.7	4	3.1%
10.8	4	3.1%
9.1	4	3.1%
15.2	3	2.3%
14.7	3	2.3%
14.3	3	2.3%
13	3	2.3%
10.3	3	2.3%
13.2	3	2.3%
Other values (65)	96	73.3%

Minimum 10 values
Maximum 10 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
5.3	1	0.8%
6.3	1	0.8%
7.1	1	0.8%
7.3	1	0.8%
7.7	1	0.8%
7.8	1	0.8%
8.2	1	0.8%
8.4	1	0.8%
8.5	1	0.8%
8.6	1	0.8%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
20.4	1	0.8%
18.6	1	0.8%
18.1	1	0.8%
17.6	1	0.8%
17.3	1	0.8%
17.2	1	0.8%
17	1	0.8%
16.8	1	0.8%
16.5	2	1.5%
16.4	1	0.8%

Spearman's ρ

The Spearman's rank correlation coefficient (ρ) is a measure of monotonic correlation between two variables, and is therefore better in catching nonlinear monotonic correlations than Pearson's r. It's value lies between -1 and +1, -1 indicating total negative monotonic correlation, 0 indicating no monotonic correlation and 1 indicating total positive monotonic correlation.

To calculate ρ for two variables X and Y, one divides the covariance of the rank variables of X and Y by the product of their standard deviations.

Pearson's r

The Pearson's correlation coefficient (r) is a measure of linear correlation between two variables. It's value lies between -1 and +1, -1 indicating total negative linear correlation, 0 indicating no linear correlation and 1 indicating total positive linear correlation. Furthermore, r is invariant under separate changes in location and scale of the two variables, implying that for a linear function the angle to the x-axis does not affect r.

To calculate r for two variables X and Y, one divides the covariance of X and Y by the product of their standard deviations.

Kendall's τ

Similarly to Spearman's rank correlation coefficient, the Kendall rank correlation coefficient (τ) measures ordinal association between two variables. It's value lies between -1 and +1, -1 indicating total negative correlation, 0 indicating no correlation and 1 indicating total positive correlation.

To calculate τ for two variables X and Y, one determines the number of concordant and discordant pairs of observations. τ is given by the number of concordant pairs minus the discordant pairs divided by the total number of pairs.

Cramér's V (φc)

Cramér's V is an association measure for nominal random variables. The coefficient ranges from 0 to 1, with 0 indicating independence and 1 indicating perfect association. The empirical estimators used for Cramér's V have been proved to be biased, even for large samples. We use a bias-corrected measure that has been proposed by Bergsma in 2013 that can be found here.

Phik (φk)

Phik (φk) is a new and practical correlation coefficient that works consistently between categorical, ordinal and interval variables, captures non-linear dependency and reverts to the Pearson correlation coefficient in case of a bivariate normal input distribution. There is extensive documentation available here.

Count
Matrix

A simple visualization of nullity by column.

Nullity matrix is a data-dense display which lets you quickly visually pick out patterns in data completion.

First rows

	df_index	Country	Year	Status	Life expectancy	Adult Mortality	infant deaths	Alcohol	percentage expenditure	Hepatitis B	Measles	BMI	under-five deaths	Polio	Total expenditure	Diphtheria	HIV/AIDS	GDP	Population	thinness 1-19 years	thinness 5-9 years	Income composition of resources	Schooling
0	1	Afghanistan	2014	Developing	59.9	271.0	64	0.01	73.523582	62.0	492	18.6	86	58.0	8.18	62.0	0.1	612.696514	327582.0	17.5	17.5	0.476	10.0
1	17	Albania	2014	Developing	77.5	8.0	0	4.51	428.749067	98.0	0	57.2	1	98.0	5.88	98.0	0.1	4575.763787	288914.0	1.2	1.3	0.761	14.2
2	33	Algeria	2014	Developing	75.4	11.0	21	0.01	54.237318	95.0	0	58.4	24	95.0	7.21	95.0	0.1	547.851700	39113313.0	6.0	5.8	0.741	14.4
3	49	Angola	2014	Developing	51.7	348.0	67	8.33	23.965612	64.0	11699	22.7	101	68.0	3.31	64.0	2.0	479.312240	2692466.0	8.5	8.3	0.527	11.4
4	81	Argentina	2014	Developing	76.2	118.0	8	7.93	847.371746	94.0	1	62.2	9	92.0	4.79	94.0	0.1	12245.256450	42981515.0	1.0	0.9	0.825	17.3
5	97	Armenia	2014	Developing	74.6	12.0	1	3.91	295.608714	93.0	13	54.1	1	95.0	4.48	93.0	0.1	3994.712355	29622.0	2.1	2.1	0.739	12.7
6	113	Australia	2014	Developed	82.7	6.0	1	9.71	10769.363050	91.0	340	66.1	1	92.0	9.42	92.0	0.1	62214.691200	2346694.0	0.6	0.6	0.936	20.4
7	129	Austria	2014	Developed	81.4	66.0	0	12.32	8350.193523	98.0	117	57.1	0	98.0	11.21	98.0	0.1	51322.639970	8541575.0	1.8	2.0	0.892	15.9
8	145	Azerbaijan	2014	Developing	72.5	119.0	5	0.01	306.182431	94.0	0	51.5	6	97.0	6.40	94.0	0.1	7891.299776	953579.0	2.8	2.9	0.752	12.2
9	193	Bangladesh	2014	Developing	71.4	132.0	98	0.01	10.446403	97.0	289	17.7	121	97.0	2.82	97.0	0.1	184.565430	15945279.0	18.1	18.6	0.570	10.0

Last rows

	df_index	Country	Year	Status	Life expectancy	Adult Mortality	infant deaths	Alcohol	percentage expenditure	Hepatitis B	Measles	BMI	under-five deaths	Polio	Total expenditure	Diphtheria	HIV/AIDS	GDP	Population	thinness 1-19 years	thinness 5-9 years	Income composition of resources	Schooling
121	2666	Tunisia	2014	Developing	75.1	12.0	3	1.39	604.870132	98.0	15	6.2	3	98.0	7.00	98.0	0.1	4271.681720	1114398.0	6.5	6.4	0.722	14.7
122	2682	Turkey	2014	Developing	75.5	17.0	16	1.45	181.908378	96.0	565	65.3	19	96.0	5.41	96.0	0.1	12127.225220	773628.0	4.9	4.7	0.759	14.5
123	2698	Turkmenistan	2014	Developing	66.0	217.0	7	2.90	691.133353	97.0	0	47.7	8	98.0	2.70	98.0	0.1	7962.365824	5466241.0	3.3	3.3	0.683	10.8
124	2715	Uganda	2014	Developing	61.5	38.0	68	0.01	14.167702	78.0	314	18.1	97	82.0	7.22	78.0	3.2	719.172669	38833338.0	5.7	5.6	0.483	10.0
125	2731	Ukraine	2014	Developing	78.0	23.0	4	8.06	5.663849	22.0	0	6.7	5	45.0	7.10	23.0	0.2	314.658296	45271947.0	2.3	2.4	0.746	15.2
126	2811	Uruguay	2014	Developing	76.8	117.0	0	6.03	463.639782	95.0	0	63.4	0	95.0	8.58	95.0	0.1	16737.898270	3419546.0	1.5	1.4	0.791	15.5
127	2827	Uzbekistan	2014	Developing	69.2	184.0	16	0.01	0.442802	99.0	8	43.9	18	99.0	5.84	99.0	0.1	25.448414	37577.0	3.0	3.1	0.690	12.1
128	2843	Vanuatu	2014	Developing	71.7	134.0	0	0.01	564.816704	64.0	10	52.5	0	65.0	5.20	64.0	0.1	3148.365130	25885.0	1.5	1.4	0.596	10.8
129	2907	Zambia	2014	Developing	61.1	314.0	28	0.01	196.667577	86.0	9	22.8	41	78.0	4.99	86.0	4.3	1738.882200	1562974.0	6.3	6.2	0.570	12.5
130	2923	Zimbabwe	2014	Developing	59.2	371.0	23	6.50	10.822595	91.0	0	31.3	34	92.0	6.44	91.0	6.3	127.474620	15411675.0	5.9	5.7	0.498	10.3

Overview

Variables

Common Values

Length

Most occurring characters

Most occurring categories

Most frequent character per category

Lowercase Letter

Uppercase Letter

Space Separator

Dash Punctuation

Most occurring scripts

Most frequent character per script

Latin

Common

Most occurring blocks

Most frequent character per block

ASCII

Common Values

Length

Category Frequency Plot

Most occurring characters

Most occurring categories

Most frequent character per category

Decimal Number

Most occurring scripts

Most frequent character per script

Common

Most occurring blocks

Most frequent character per block

ASCII

Common Values

Length

Category Frequency Plot

Most occurring characters

Most occurring categories

Most frequent character per category

Lowercase Letter

Uppercase Letter

Most occurring scripts

Most frequent character per script

Latin

Most occurring blocks

Most frequent character per block

ASCII

Interactions

Correlations

Spearman's ρ

Pearson's r

Kendall's τ

Cramér's V (φc)

Phik (φk)

Missing values

Sample

First rows

Last rows